25 Safety Tests of Lithium ion batteries

Lithium Battery 25 Safety Tests

Safety testing of lithium batteries is a critical step to ensure their safe and reliable operation in various application scenarios. Here are the main items of lithium battery safety testing and their detailed introductions:

1. Overcharge Test

The overcharge test is designed to assess the safety performance of the battery under overcharging conditions. Overcharging may lead to issues such as temperature increase, gas generation, and capacity reduction. For example, the UL2054 standard requires that batteries should not exhibit dangerous situations such as fire or explosion under overcharge conditions.

2. Overdischarge Test

The overdischarge test is used to evaluate the safety performance of the battery under overdischarge conditions. Overdischarge may result in voltage drop, temperature increase, and capacity loss. For instance, the IEC 62133 standard requires that batteries should not exhibit dangerous situations such as fire or explosion under overdischarge conditions.

3. Short Circuit Test

The short circuit test simulates accidental short circuits to assess the battery's ability to withstand short circuit current surges. The battery should not catch fire, explode, and the open circuit voltage after short circuit should not be lower than 90% of the nominal voltage.

4. Temperature Test

Temperature testing evaluates the performance and safety of the battery under different temperature conditions, including capacity, voltage, and cycle life at high and low temperatures. For example, the IEC 62133 standard requires that batteries should not exhibit dangerous situations such as fire or explosion under high and low temperature conditions.

5. Mechanical Shock Test

Mechanical shock testing simulates the safety of the battery when subjected to mechanical impacts such as drops and collisions. The test records parameters such as battery deformation and voltage changes, and observes for any occurrences of fire or explosion.

6. Battery Pack Safety Testing

For battery packs, a series of system-level tests are also required, including overcharge, overdischarge, short circuit, temperature, and mechanical shock tests. For example, the IEC 62619 standard requires that battery packs should not exhibit dangerous situations such as fire or explosion under various extreme conditions.

7. Battery Packaging and Transportation

Batteries must also meet specific safety requirements during packaging and transportation, including moisture-proofing and shock-proofing. For example, the UL2054 standard requires that batteries should not exhibit dangerous situations such as fire or explosion during packaging and transportation.

8. Thermal Abuse Test

Thermal abuse testing examines the safety of the battery at high temperatures (usually 130°C), and the battery must not rupture, catch fire, or explode.

9. Low Pressure Test

The low pressure test simulates the safety performance of the battery in low pressure environments such as high altitudes.

10. Internal Short Circuit Test

The internal short circuit test checks whether the battery management system can effectively prevent internal short circuits, ensuring the safe use of the battery.

11. Thermal Propagation Test

The thermal propagation test assesses whether a thermal runaway in a single cell will spread to the entire battery system when one cell experiences thermal runaway.

12. Laser-Induced Thermal Runaway Propagation Test

The laser-induced thermal runaway propagation test simulates the safety performance of the battery under extreme high temperatures, requiring that adjacent cells should not be ignited.

13. Battery Management System (BMS) Functionality Test

The BMS functionality test includes assessments of overcharge voltage protection, overcharge current protection, overheating protection, and thermal runaway propagation resistance, ensuring that the BMS can effectively operate under battery abnormalities.

14. Vibration Test

Vibration testing simulates the vibrational environment that batteries may encounter during transportation or use, evaluating the performance and durability of the batteries under these conditions.

15. Puncture Test

The puncture test assesses the puncture resistance of the battery separator using a sharp object, which is crucial for improving battery safety.

16. Drop Test

The drop test simulates the situation where a battery falls from a certain height onto a hard surface, evaluating the structural integrity and safety of the battery. After the test, it is necessary to observe whether the battery has any damage, leakage, or fire.

17. Crush Test

The crush test is used to evaluate the safety of the battery when subjected to mechanical compression, simulating the pressure that the battery may experience during actual use. The test records parameters such as battery deformation and voltage changes, and observes for any occurrences of fire or explosion.

18. Battery Membrane Puncture Test

The battery membrane puncture test assesses the puncture resistance of the battery separator, which is crucial for improving battery safety.

19. Battery Module Testing System Technical Specifications

The technical specifications for battery module testing systems define the terminology, technical requirements, and test methods for lithium-ion battery module testing systems, applicable to lithium-ion power battery packs and systems for electric vehicles.

20. Electric Vehicle Lithium-Ion Power Battery Pack and System Electrical Performance Test Methods

The electric vehicle lithium-ion power battery pack and system electrical performance test methods specify the electrical performance test procedures for lithium-ion power battery packs and systems used in electric vehicles, including test procedures for high-power and high-energy applications.

21. Safety Requirements and Test Methods for Lithium-Ion Batteries Used in Energy Storage

The safety requirements and test methods for lithium-ion batteries used in energy storage specify the safety requirements and test methods for lithium-ion batteries used in energy storage applications, including safety performance tests for individual cells and modules.

22. Safety Requirements for Moving Parts of Battery Systems

The safety requirements for moving parts of battery systems include anti-entrapment and anti-misoperation to better fit scenarios such as forklifts and AGVs.

23. Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Requirements

The electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) requirements ensure that battery systems comply with the IEC 61000 standards to avoid functional abnormalities caused by electromagnetic interference.

24. Battery Systems Must Be Equipped with a "Key" or "Lock" Device

Battery systems must be equipped with a "key" or "lock" device to prevent misoperation by non-professionals.

25. Reliable Insulation and Protective Measures for Live Parts Such as Battery Terminals and Wires

Reliable insulation and protective measures must be taken for live parts such as battery terminals and wires to avoid the risk of accidental electric shock.